Method of burning liquid hydrocarbon



June 24, 1947- I J. LQBREESE Erm. 2,422,653

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URNING LIQUID CARBON James Il. Breese and Bruce Hayter, Santa Fe, N. Mex., asslgnors to Oil Devices, Santa Fe, N. Mex., a limited partnership of Illinois original application May 11, 1942,'ser1a1 No.

Divided and this application Novem bei' 15, 1943, Serial No. 510,304

Our invention relates to an improvement in oil burning and has for one purpose-to provide Claims. (C1. 15S-117.5)

trai flame aperture I0`oi Isubstantially smaller 4 diameter than the aperture 'II of the platel I.

an improved method of burning liquid hydrocar- A bon fuels.

Another purpose is to provide the fmethod of burning liquid hydrocarbon in which the liquid hydrocarbon to be burned. is positioned in or delivered to a vaporizing zone in which itis entirely surrounded by a burning mixture of vaporized hydrocarbon and air,

Another purpose is to provide an method of vaporizing liquid hydrocarbons for combustion.

Other purposes will appear from time to time inthe course of the specification.

The present application is a division of our copending application Serial No. 442,414, illed May 11, 1942, now Patent No, 2,348,721, dated May 16, 1944.

The invention is illustrated more or less dia-l grammatically in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a plan view of our burner as appliedvto a cook stove;

Figure 2 is a vertical section on a larger scal taken along the line 2-2 of Figure, l; f

Figure 3 is atop plan view of the structure shown in Figure 2;

Figure 4 is an end view with parts broken away of the structure shown in Figure 3, with the addition of the fan unit which is shown in Figure 2 but is omitted from Figure 3.

Like parts are indicated by like characters throughout thespeciication and drawings.

It will be understood that, whereas the invention is shown as applied to a cook stove, it may improved be applied to any other suitable heating unit,

such as a furnace or a space heater.

Referring to the drawings, I generally indicates a heater to which the burner is applied. 2 is any suitable iront member of such a heater, with an inlet aperture 3. 4 indicates grate bars of a conventional cook stove to which the burner is applied, but the bars have no function when our heater is used, and may be removed. 5 is a base or supporting plate, which may be secured to the front member 2 of the stove by any suitable means, or example the bolts 6. The plate 5 is centrally apertured as at 1, and this aperture .for convenience may be circular and of smaller dia-meter than the aperture 3 in the stove. The plate 5 is provided with any suitable spacing means, for example lugs 8. AgainstI these is drawn a burner proper which includes the abutting flame ring 9, herein shown as having a cenil is an inwardly extending annular ilange spaced inwardly somewhat within the' aperture I to provide an air inlet ring or clearance I2. Associated withv the llame ring 9 is an outer. cylinder I3, with its end` Il and air inlet aperture Il. i8

is a burner pot with an end I1 and a generally cylindrical side wall formed with a plurality of primary air inlet apertures I8 located at various distances from the end I1. If desired, the end Il may also have air inlet apertures. Any suitable means foruadmitting secondary air may be employed, but we illustrate a single row of secondary air inlets l! which are inwardly tilted toward the open end of thevpot. Also, the clear ance or gap l2 may be used to admit secondary air.

201s a vaporizing pan herein shown as open topped. 2| is a fuel pipe extending thereto and also adapted to serve as a support therefor, although the pan may be additionally supported or centered by Aa connection with the side or bottom of the pot. We illustrate for example in Figure 2 a c1ip22, which may be welded or otherwise secured to the pan 20 and may be welded orl bolted, as at 23, to the pot bottom I1. The fuel pipe 2| is shown as extending to a T-connection 25, by which it is connected to any suitable oat chamber or other fuel control device, indicated at 26.

The rate of flow may be controlled for example by the exterior manual elementZ'I, although it will be understood that the control may be automatically maintained as desired. Any suitable means not herein shown in detail may be employed for delivering fuel from a suitable source to the chamber 26, and a floatvalve or other suitable means may bel employed for maintaining a predetermined oil levell within the chamber 26. The chamber 26 and its associated parts may be mounted upon the outer member I3, for example by brackets 28. It will be understood, of course, that the control chamber' 26 may '6e otherwise' supported. but it is advantageous that the entire unit bemounted or supported, directly or indirectly, upon the heater unit or upon the plate 5 so that the entire structure may be unitarily withdrawn from the stove. Any convenient means for securing the structure to the stove may be employed, but we illustrate for example tie Aligning or centering studs 32, in addition to the tie rods may be provided. f

It will be understood that any suitable means may be employed for supplying air either by natural draft or under pressure. However, Figures 1, 2 and 4 illustrate a preferably removable booster motor and fan unit. Longitudinal vanes 33 are providedin the space between the cylinder i3 and the pot iS to assist in directing air longitudinally through said space and for preventing eddy currents.

l't will be realized that whereas we have shown practical means for carrying out our invention, nevertheless'a variety oferent structures may be employed. What is essential is that some means be provided for maintaining a supply of liquid fuel and for subjecting liquid fuel to the heat of combustion in a zone in which the liquid -iz'uel is entirely surrounded by vaporized mixture.

The use and operation of our invention are as follows:

In the operation of the device and assuming that the user wishes to initiate combustion, a sup= ply of fuel is admitted to the pan, and it may be ignited by dropping a match into the pan; When minimum combustion is desired, the motor 4and fan unit is removed or left switched od. Qnce combustion is initiated, 'the primaryair admitted through the apertures it mixes with the hydrocarbon vaporized Iby the heat of combustion to form a primary mixture. This primary' mixture 'circulates toward the iiame aperture I0. If the fuel supply is kept to a minimum, the apertures |08 will admit also sufficient air for the secondary air supply. and the completed mixture will burn within the pot not far from the top oi the pan.

When the fuel supply is increased, the aperturesV I8 provide primary air for the mixture, and the secondary air to complete the mixture may be delivered either through the apertures I9 of the form of'Figure 2, or through the gap I2 between the members and Il', or through both; The amount of fuel which can be vaporized and burned can be increased by the employment of means for increasing the air pressure or air passage through the device, and the practical means for that purpose is the motor andfan unit shown. When full air pressure is used in connection with maximum fuel oil delivery, a blast of llame extends generally horizontally into the stove, and in practice is o f sufficient length fully to heat the stove compartment illustrated at X in Figure 1.

It will be observed that the primary air-is advmitted all the way around the vaporizing panboth above and below it. In the forms of the device herein shown,` the bottom I1 is left unbroken, but it will be understood that air may. if desired, be admitted through the bottom. It will be observed that weprovide a vaporizing vessel subjected to the heat of combustion, which is entirely surrounded by means for admitting Y primary air. Preferably an open topped vessel is used, but it may in some circumstances be convenient to use a vessel the top of which-is `partially covered. While the axis of the pot mayv be varied, or, in other words, the axis along which the airis delivered and the flame is directed,'we iind it advantageous in many practical installa.-

ytions to provide a pot the axis of which is generally horizontal or generally parallel'with the 'surface of the oil being vaporized in the pan.'

In normal high stage operation, the completed mixture is burning at or slightly to the right of l the secondary air inlets i9, referring to the position of the parts as shown in Figure 2. The

radiant heat of this combustion strikeswthe side and bottom of the pan 20 and even penetrates to the upper surface of liquid within the pan. The 5 pan is entirely surrounded by the primary mixture. Particularly at the lower stages of combustion, combustion may be taking place entirely about the pan 20. The pan 2G is preferably of heat conductive material such as metal and constitutes a highly eicient means for vaporizing the liquid fuel.

It will be understood that whereas we admit the liquid fuel along the pipe 2i, any suitable means may be employed for delivering 'the fuel to the pan 20.' It will also be understood that we do not wish to be' limited to any specic vaporizing means. What is essential is that the liquid hydrocarbon be delivered to an area where it is subjected to the radiant heat of combustion going on about it and near it.

We claim:

l. The method of combustion which includes providing a volume of' liquid hydrocarbon for vaporization in a vaporizing zone, continuously supplying additional liquid hydrocarbon to said zone to take the place of the hydrocarbon vaporized in' such zone, maintaining a mimng zone substantially entirely surrounding said zone o vaporization, delivering primary air in relatively small and Widely scattered jets, upwardly, downwardly andlaterally into said mixing zone, -causing the primary mixture thus formed to move away from the vaporizing zone, delivering sec` ondary air into said primary mixture at a zone spaced away from the mixing zone, and burning the final mixture thus formed, and employing part of the heat of combustion of the iinal mix` izing zone, convergently about and toward the Y vaporizing' zone, causing the primary mixture thus formed to move away from the vaporizing zone, delivering secondary air convergently into said primary mixture at a zone spaced away from the mixing zone, and burning the nal mixture thus formed, and employing part of the heat of combustion of the iinal mixture to vaporize the liquid hydrocarbon in the vaporizing zone.

3. The method of combustion which includes providing a volume of liquid hydrocarbon for vaporization in a vaporizing zone, continuously supplying additional liquid hydrocarbon to said zone to take the place of the hydrocarbon vapor- 65 ized in such zone, maintaining a mixing zone su-bstantially entirely surrounding said zone of vaporization, delivering primary air in relatively small and widely scattered jets, upwardly, downwardly and laterally into said mixing zone, from above and below and at the sides of said vaporizing zone, causing the primary mixture thus formed to move away from the vaporizing zone, delivering secondary air convergently into said primary mixture at a zone spaced away from the mixing 7:5y zone, along a path extending away from the vaporizing zone, and burning the Inal mixture thus formed, and employing part of the heat of combustion of the ilnal mixture to vaporize the liquid hydrocarbon in the vaporizingf zone.'

4. A method of combustion which includes maintaining a. supply of liquid fuel in a zone of vaporization, subjecting said fuel, in said zone of vaporization, to lboth conducted andradiant heat of combustion occurring about and adjacent 4said zone of vaporization, delivering suiicient primary air to a space substantially surrounding said zone of vaporization to form, with the vaporized fuel, a primary mixture, causing a partial combustion of said primary mixture, causing said primary mixture to move away from said zone of vaporization, thereafter mixing with said primary mixture sulcient secondary air to provide a nal and fully, combustible mixture, burning said mixture at a distance from said zone of vaporization suilciently small to subject the fuel in said zone of vaporization to some of the heat of said final combustion, and employing part of said heat of final combustion to vaporize the liquid fuel in said zone of vaporization.

5. A method of combustion which includes maintaining a supply of liquid fuel in a zone of vaporization, subjecting said fuel, in said zone of vaporization, to both conducted and radiant heat of combustion occurring about and adjacent said zone of vaporization, delivering suillcient primary air to a space' substantially surrounding said zone o'f vaporization to form, with the4 vaporized fuel, a primary mixture, causing a partial combustion of Vsaid primary mixture, causingL REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATESI PATENTS Number Name Date V 1,639,202 Valjean Aug. 16, 1927 1,832,280 Coultas Nov. 17, 1931 2,207,843 Wilkes et al July 16, 1940 2,261,814 Suchland ..-L Nov. 4, 1941 2,286,497 Miceli et al June 16, 1942 2,287,346 Fishel June 23, 1942 2,083,832 Daniels June 15, 1937 2,137,673 Knapp et al Nov. 22, 1938 2,244,178 Senior et al June 3, 1941 1,553,661 Becker Sept. 15, 1925 11,625,217 Langville Apr. 19, 1927 1,819,181 Klein Aug. 18, 1931 2,348,721 vB reese et a1 May 16, 1944' FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 39,495 .Netherlands Nov. 16, 1936 Great Britain May 13. 1937 

